\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (JODI) \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (IEA) \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (OECD)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 2 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026.<\/p>\n
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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0643<\/a>, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n The IEA’s own membership criteria confirm the point. A candidate must hold crude oil or product reserves equivalent to 90 days of the previous year’s net imports, to which the government has immediate access, must run a demand restraint programme capable of cutting oil use by up to 10 percent, must have emergency response legislation in place, must be able to compel oil companies to report information on request, and must be able to contribute its share of an IEA collective action. Those are the price of membership, not conditions of association.<\/p>\n \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 15 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n China’s first Energy Law took effect on 1 January 2025 and gives the whole arrangement statutory backing. It sets out a reserve system in which government reserves are combined with enterprise reserves, and physical reserves are coordinated with production capacity reserves. Since 2024, state oil companies have reportedly been directed to add emergency barrels into commercial stockpiles, which is why the US EIA now treats Chinese commercial inventories as functionally strategic.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n The US Energy Information Administration puts it as plainly as an official body can. In its Today in Energy note of 20 April 2026 it wrote that China does not report data on its oil inventories, so it estimated China’s inventories based on imports, exports, refining, and oil inventory data from third party and official sources.<\/p>\n The EIA’s estimate is that China added roughly 1.1 million barrels per day to strategic inventories in 2025, reaching about 1.4 billion barrels by December 2025 across government and commercial stocks combined, with government held stocks alone averaging about 360 million barrels in December 2025 against a US Strategic Petroleum Reserve of roughly 414 million barrels. Every one of those numbers is an estimate.<\/p>\n The last meaningful official statement of reserve volume came from China’s National Bureau of Statistics: 37.73 million tonnes, roughly 280.7 million barrels, as of mid 2017. There has been no comparable update since. Say it plainly, because almost nobody does: there is no authoritative public number for China’s oil reserves. Every figure in circulation is a model. That is the subject of our companion piece on \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642: 426 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 30 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2026\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 25 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a 7 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2026\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2021\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2021 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n On 2 July 2026 Nigeria became an IEA Association country, the first OPEC member ever to hold the status, taking the IEA family past 80 percent of global energy demand. At the February 2026 Ministerial, members agreed to begin Brazil’s formal accession, Colombia was announced as becoming the 33rd member, and India was described as being in the final phase toward membership. India is not an OECD member.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646. \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n If India is admitted through an amended framework, the OECD gate stops being the reason China is outside. At that point China’s exclusion is no longer structural. It is a choice, and it will be read as one.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0640 1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n Do not price China’s reserve like the US SPR. The US SPR draws on legislated triggers and publishes weekly. China buys when crude is cheap and releases when it judges prices threaten domestic industry, on no schedule, with no announcement and with no obligation to anyone. Sellers into Chinese storage, tankage, terminal logistics and trading should model procurement waves tied to price windows and five year plan capacity targets, not to global emergency events.<\/p>\n \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 90 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":3648,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"p54_article_data":"{\"meta\":{\"kicker\":\"Insight \u00b7 Path Shapers\",\"topics\":[\"Policy\"],\"title\":\"Does China's Oil Stockpiling Follow IEA Rules? No, and Here Is Why\",\"dek\":\"China is an IEA Association country, not a member. The 90 day stockholding obligation does not apply, China reports no oil inventories to the IEA or to JODI, and it has never joined an IEA collective release. Everything you have read about the size of its reserve is a model.\",\"date\":\"13 July 2026\",\"readTime\":\"11 min read\",\"author\":\"Project 54, Research & Strategy\",\"listenTime\":\"21:08\"},\"quickAnswer\":{\"q\":\"Does China's oil stockpiling follow IEA rules?\",\"a\":\"No. China is not an IEA member country, it is an IEA Association country, a status created in 2015 that carries no binding obligations, so the IEA rule requiring members to hold emergency oil stocks equal to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports with immediate government access does not legally apply to Beijing. China's stockpiling is governed by domestic law instead: the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration run a state reserve alongside mandated commercial stocks held by refiners, and the Energy Law in force since 1 January 2025 pairs government reserves with enterprise reserves. China does not report oil inventory data to the IEA or to JODI, and it does not take part in IEA collective emergency actions.\"},\"takeaways\":[\"Association is not membership. China has been an IEA Association country since 2015. It sits in working groups and joint programmes and owes the agency nothing.\",\"The 90 day rule flows from the 1974 Agreement on an International Energy Program, a treaty. It binds parties to that treaty. China is not a party.\",\"China does not report oil inventories. The US Energy Information Administration states plainly that it estimates China's inventories from imports, exports, refining and third party data because China does not publish them.\",\"China was absent from the IEA's March 2026 collective release, the largest in the agency's history, because it cannot be tasked. It drew down its own commercial stocks instead, at its own pace, from May 2026.\",\"The last official Chinese figure is nine years old: 37.73 million tonnes, roughly 280.7 million barrels, as of mid 2017.\",\"The club is widening around China. Nigeria joined as an Association country on 2 July 2026, Brazil started accession in February 2026, and India has been described as being in the final phase toward membership.\"],\"sections\":[{\"id\":\"sec1\",\"q\":\"Is China a member of the IEA?\",\"h\":\"No. It is an Association country, and the difference is the whole answer\",\"p\":[\"China has been an IEA Association country since 2015, when the Association category was created precisely because IEA membership is restricted in practice to OECD members, which excludes China, India and Indonesia. China sits alongside Argentina, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Morocco, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, Ukraine, Viet Nam and, since 2 July 2026, Nigeria.\",\"Association buys a seat in certain IEA standing groups, committees and working parties, joint work programmes on energy security, data and policy analysis, priority access to IEA training, and participation in emergency response exercises. It does not buy a vote on the Governing Board, and it does not carry a single obligation.\",\"There are three tiers, and most reporting collapses them. A member is a party to the founding treaty and is bound by it. An accession country is formally seeking membership and is being assessed against the criteria: as of 2026 that list includes Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Israel and Romania. An association country co operates without obligation. China is in the third tier and has given no public indication, as of 13 July 2026, that it is seeking to move.\",\"We set out the same three tier structure from the other direction in Nigeria Joins the IEA While Staying in OPEC<\/a>, which is the clearest recent illustration of exactly how little association costs.\"]},{\"id\":\"sec2\",\"q\":\"Does the 90 day rule apply to China?\",\"h\":\"It cannot. The obligation is a treaty obligation\",\"p\":[\"The 90 day stockholding obligation flows from the 1974 Agreement on an International Energy Program, the treaty that created the IEA in the aftermath of the Arab oil embargo. It binds the parties to that treaty and nobody else. China is not a party.\",\"The IEA's own membership criteria confirm the point. A candidate must hold crude oil or product reserves equivalent to 90 days of the previous year's net imports, to which the government has immediate access, must run a demand restraint programme capable of cutting oil use by up to 10 percent, must have emergency response legislation in place, must be able to compel oil companies to report information on request, and must be able to contribute its share of an IEA collective action. Those are the price of membership, not conditions of association.\",\"Net oil exporters among the members are exempt from the stock minimum. China, a very large net importer, would face an enormous obligation if it ever joined. That is not a small detail. It is a structural reason why the current arrangement suits Beijing precisely as it is.\",\"The practical consequence: when you read that China holds roughly 90 days of cover, or that it is approaching the IEA benchmark, understand that the benchmark is a yardstick being applied from outside, not a standard China has agreed to meet. We unpacked that yardstick in China and the IEA 90 Day Benchmark<\/a>.\"]},{\"id\":\"sec3\",\"q\":\"What rules do govern China's stockpiling?\",\"h\":\"Domestic ones, and they hardened in 2025\",\"p\":[\"The National Development and Reform Commission sets policy and approves the reserve build. The National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, which sits under the NDRC following the 2018 reorganisation, implements it. The state reserve was approved in 2003 and built in phases from the mid 2000s, with the first phase of coastal sites operational by around 2009.\",\"In 2007 Beijing formalised a two tier design: a government controlled strategic reserve, complemented by mandated commercial reserves held by refiners, who are required to carry operational stocks of roughly 15 days of forward cover. Phase volumes are reported rather than officially confirmed and sources disagree, so treat any specific phase number you see as an estimate.\",\"China's first Energy Law took effect on 1 January 2025 and gives the whole arrangement statutory backing. It sets out a reserve system in which government reserves are combined with enterprise reserves, and physical reserves are coordinated with production capacity reserves. Since 2024, state oil companies have reportedly been directed to add emergency barrels into commercial stockpiles, which is why the US EIA now treats Chinese commercial inventories as functionally strategic.\",\"None of this creates an external obligation. It creates an internal instrument. That distinction is what most analysis gets wrong.\"]},{\"id\":\"sec4\",\"q\":\"What does China actually disclose, and to whom?\",\"h\":\"Almost nothing, to almost nobody\",\"p\":[\"IEA members report oil stock levels monthly to the agency and must be able to compel companies to report on request. Most major producers and consumers also submit monthly production, demand, trade and stock data to the Joint Organisations Data Initiative. China submits some oil data to JODI but does not report oil inventory or stock data, and Chinese stocks are a recognised coverage gap in that system.\",\"The US Energy Information Administration puts it as plainly as an official body can. In its Today in Energy note of 20 April 2026 it wrote that China does not report data on its oil inventories, so it estimated China's inventories based on imports, exports, refining, and oil inventory data from third party and official sources.\",\"The EIA's estimate is that China added roughly 1.1 million barrels per day to strategic inventories in 2025, reaching about 1.4 billion barrels by December 2025 across government and commercial stocks combined, with government held stocks alone averaging about 360 million barrels in December 2025 against a US Strategic Petroleum Reserve of roughly 414 million barrels. Every one of those numbers is an estimate.\",\"The last meaningful official statement of reserve volume came from China's National Bureau of Statistics: 37.73 million tonnes, roughly 280.7 million barrels, as of mid 2017. There has been no comparable update since. Say it plainly, because almost nobody does: there is no authoritative public number for China's oil reserves. Every figure in circulation is a model. That is the subject of our companion piece on why every estimate disagrees<\/a> and on why Beijing does not publish<\/a>.\"]},{\"id\":\"sec5\",\"q\":\"Does China join IEA emergency releases?\",\"h\":\"No. It acts alone, and 2026 proved it again\",\"p\":[\"The IEA has taken six collective actions in its history. The most recent, agreed on 11 March 2026 and confirmed on 19 March 2026, was the largest ever: 426 million barrels, made up of public stocks, obligated industry stocks and production increases, contributed by 30 member countries after the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz. The contribution table lists member countries only. China is not on it, and could not be, because it cannot be tasked.\",\"China acted unilaterally instead. It began drawing on commercial stockpiles in May 2026, taking down roughly 25 million barrels in the month to 7 June 2026, cutting refinery runs and capping fuel exports. This mirrors the earlier pattern: China ran its first ever public state reserve crude auction in September 2021, and in November 2021 joined a United States led release that the IEA was explicitly not running, with its foreign ministry saying only that it would organise a release according to its own actual needs.\",\"Coordination adjacent, never coordination bound. That is the accurate description, and it is the one to use in front of a client.\"],\"table\":{\"cols\":[\"Obligation or behaviour\",\"IEA member\",\"Association country\",\"China in practice\"],\"rows\":[[\"Legal basis\",\"Party to the 1974 IEP treaty, binding\",\"Joint Declaration on Association, 2015, non binding\",\"Domestic only: NDRC and NFSRA rules, Energy Law from 1 Jan 2025\"],[\"OECD membership required\",\"Yes\",\"No\",\"Not an OECD member\"],[\"90 days of net import cover\",\"Mandatory, immediate government access\",\"Not applicable\",\"No external obligation. Estimated about 1.4 billion barrels total at Dec 2025, unverifiable\"],[\"Demand restraint programme\",\"Mandatory, up to a 10 percent cut\",\"Not required\",\"Refinery run cuts and export quotas, ad hoc, at its own discretion\"],[\"Contribute to collective releases\",\"Bound to a share\",\"No role\",\"Absent from all six IEA collective actions\"],[\"Compulsory company data reporting\",\"Mandatory\",\"Not required\",\"No equivalent external reporting\"],[\"Monthly stock reporting to IEA or JODI\",\"Yes\",\"Encouraged only\",\"Does not report oil inventories\"],[\"Public disclosure of reserve volume\",\"Routine\",\"Varies\",\"Last official figure mid 2017: 37.73 Mt, about 280.7 million barrels\"],[\"Who verifies the number\",\"IEA Secretariat, statutory reporting\",\"Not applicable\",\"Nobody. EIA, Kpler, Vortexa, Kayrros and Argus all estimate\"]]}},{\"id\":\"sec6\",\"q\":\"What is changing in 2026?\",\"h\":\"The rulebook is being rewritten around the one country that has never been in it\",\"p\":[\"On 2 July 2026 Nigeria became an IEA Association country, the first OPEC member ever to hold the status, taking the IEA family past 80 percent of global energy demand. At the February 2026 Ministerial, members agreed to begin Brazil's formal accession, Colombia was announced as becoming the 33rd member, and India was described as being in the final phase toward membership. India is not an OECD member.\",\"None of that creates a new obligation for China. There is none to create. What it does is shift the norm. The reporting and emergency response club is becoming less OECD and more everyone who matters, which raises the diplomatic cost of Chinese opacity without changing its legal position by a comma.\",\"If India is admitted through an amended framework, the OECD gate stops being the reason China is outside. At that point China's exclusion is no longer structural. It is a choice, and it will be read as one.\"]},{\"id\":\"sec7\",\"q\":\"So what, commercially?\",\"h\":\"Every China demand number in your deck is a model\",\"p\":[\"Chinese crude imports are not Chinese consumption, because an unpublished and highly variable slice goes into stock. In 2025 that slice averaged an estimated 1.1 million barrels per day. In 2026 the sign flipped and China drew down. If you forecast Chinese demand from import data, you can be a million barrels a day wrong in either direction, and buyers who have been burned by exactly that are unusually receptive to a supplier who leads with method and error bars rather than confidence.\",\"Opacity is a demand driver if you sell data, tracking or analytics. The entire estimation industry exists because Beijing does not report. Positioning that says we replace the number Beijing will not publish is a defensible category, and the March 2026 Hormuz shock made every trading desk and refiner re litigate its China inventory assumptions.\",\"Do not price China's reserve like the US SPR. The US SPR draws on legislated triggers and publishes weekly. China buys when crude is cheap and releases when it judges prices threaten domestic industry, on no schedule, with no announcement and with no obligation to anyone. Sellers into Chinese storage, tankage, terminal logistics and trading should model procurement waves tied to price windows and five year plan capacity targets, not to global emergency events.\",\"Finally, this is a trust question, and trust is the sale. Being the supplier who states clearly, with citations, that China has no 90 day obligation, reports no stocks and joins no collective actions is a fast credibility win over competitors who blur China into the IEA world. Most sources get the status wrong, which is exactly why this page exists.\"]}],\"media\":{\"image\":{\"src\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/crude-storage-tank-farm-aerial.jpg\",\"label\":\"Strategic reserves are physical. The numbers describing China's are not.\",\"credit\":\"Project 54\"},\"infographicLabel\":\"IEA member versus association country versus China in practice.\",\"pdf\":{\"href\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/does-china-oil-stockpiling-follow-iea-rules.pdf\",\"title\":\"Does China's Oil Stockpiling Follow IEA Rules, Slide Deck\",\"meta\":\"Briefing deck \u00b7 Project 54\"},\"podcast\":{\"src\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/does-china-oil-stockpiling-follow-iea-rules-podcast.m4a\",\"title\":\"Does China's Oil Stockpiling Follow IEA Rules?\",\"ep\":\"P54 Energy Growth Brief\",\"duration\":\"21:08\"},\"video\":{\"src\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/does-china-oil-stockpiling-follow-iea-rules-video.mp4\",\"label\":\"Does China's Oil Stockpiling Follow IEA Rules?\",\"duration\":\"8:02\",\"poster\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/does-china-oil-stockpiling-follow-iea-rules-poster.jpg\"}},\"poll\":{\"q\":\"China holds no IEA obligation. What is the most useful way to treat its reserve in a commercial model?\",\"options\":[{\"id\":\"a\",\"label\":\"As a price responsive buyer, not an emergency buffer\",\"insight\":\"The most accurate read. China builds when crude is cheap and draws when prices threaten domestic industry. Model procurement waves against price windows and five year plan capacity, not against emergency events.\"},{\"id\":\"b\",\"label\":\"As a second SPR, comparable to the US\",\"insight\":\"The most common error. The US SPR publishes weekly and draws on legislated triggers. China publishes nothing and answers to nobody. The two are not the same instrument and should never share an axis on a chart.\"},{\"id\":\"c\",\"label\":\"As an unknowable, so exclude it\",\"insight\":\"Understandable and wrong. Excluding it means treating imports as consumption, which is how forecasters end up a million barrels a day out. Model it with an explicit error band instead.\"},{\"id\":\"d\",\"label\":\"As a signal of IEA norm convergence\",\"insight\":\"Tempting after Nigeria, Brazil and India, but premature. The IEA family is widening around China without changing anything China owes. Watch the norm, do not trade on it.\"}],\"note\":\"No tallies. Each option teaches a different modelling discipline.\"},\"faq\":[{\"q\":\"Is China a member of the International Energy Agency?\",\"a\":\"No. China has been an IEA Association country since 2015. Association gives it a seat in certain IEA working groups, joint programmes on energy security and data, and access to training, but no vote on the Governing Board and no binding obligations. IEA full membership is restricted in practice to OECD members, which China is not.\"},{\"q\":\"Does the IEA's 90 day oil stockholding rule apply to China?\",\"a\":\"No. The 90 day emergency stock obligation flows from the 1974 Agreement on an International Energy Program, which binds the parties to that treaty. China is not a party. Association countries take on no stockholding obligation. When commentators compare China's cover to the 90 day benchmark, they are applying an external yardstick, not measuring compliance with a rule China has accepted.\"},{\"q\":\"Does China report its oil reserves to the IEA or to JODI?\",\"a\":\"No. China submits some oil data to JODI but does not report oil inventory or stock data to JODI or to the IEA. The US Energy Information Administration states that it estimates China's inventories from imports, exports, refining and third party data because China does not report them. The last official Chinese figure was 37.73 million tonnes, roughly 280.7 million barrels, as of mid 2017.\"},{\"q\":\"Did China take part in the IEA's 2026 emergency oil release?\",\"a\":\"No. The IEA's collective action confirmed on 19 March 2026 released 426 million barrels contributed by 30 member countries. China is not a member and cannot be tasked, so it does not appear on the contribution table. China instead drew on its own commercial stocks from May 2026, taking down roughly 25 million barrels in the month to 7 June 2026.\"},{\"q\":\"What laws govern China's strategic petroleum reserve?\",\"a\":\"Domestic ones. The National Development and Reform Commission sets policy and the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration implements it. A two tier design formalised in 2007 pairs a government strategic reserve with mandated commercial stocks held by refiners, who carry roughly 15 days of forward cover. China's first Energy Law, in force from 1 January 2025, gives this statutory backing by combining government reserves with enterprise reserves.\"}],\"newsletter\":{\"kicker\":\"The Energy Growth Brief\",\"title\":[\"Intelligence,\",\"to your inbox\"],\"body\":\"Join energy and industrial leaders getting our marketing, AI-growth and revenue-architecture intelligence, direct, no filler.\",\"placeholder\":\"you@company.com\",\"cta\":\"Subscribe\",\"note\":\"No spam. Unsubscribe anytime. We read every reply.\"},\"related\":[{\"title\":\"Is China Still Adding to Its Oil Reserves in 2026?\",\"topic\":\"Policy\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/is-china-still-stockpiling-oil-2026\/\"},{\"title\":\"China and the IEA 90 Day Oil Stockholding Benchmark\",\"topic\":\"Policy\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/china-iea-90-day-oil-stockholding-benchmark\/\"},{\"title\":\"Why China Does Not Publish Its Oil Reserves\",\"topic\":\"Policy\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/why-china-doesnt-publish-oil-reserves\/\"},{\"title\":\"Nigeria Joins the IEA While Staying in OPEC\",\"topic\":\"Policy\",\"href\":\"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/nigeria-joins-iea-while-staying-in-opec\/\"}],\"listenTime\":\"21:08\"}","p54_faq":"","p54_media":"","p54_comments_enabled":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[92,125],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","category-strategy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3655,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3654\/revisions\/3655"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectfifty4.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3654"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629.<\/h2>\n
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